- Fact 2 - The Eastern Woodlands was
a cultural area of the indigenous peoples of North America
extending roughly from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi
River, and from the Great Lakes region to the Gulf of Mexico
- Fact 3 - Montana
- The Indians of Montana were the Arapaho, Arikara,
Assiniboin, Atsina, Bannock, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Cree, Crow,
Dakota, Hidatsa, Kalispel, Kiowa, Kutenai, Mandan, Nez Perce,
Piegan, Salish, Tunahe and the Spokan Indians tribes.
- Fact 4 - Origin of the name of the
state: Based on Spanish word for "mountainous"
- Fact 5 - Features of the area:
Rocky Mountains in the western third of the state; eastern
two-thirds gently rolling northern great plains.
- Fact 6 - Many of the Arapaho tribes
of Colorado moved to the Great Plains. The Great Plains Indians
lived in tepees. The name 'Arapaho' is believed to be a
corruption of the Pawnee word for 'traders.' Since 1878 the
Northern Arapaho Nation has lived with the Eastern Shoshone on
the Wind River Reservation.
- Fact 7 - The Arikara were a
semi-nomadic tribe who lived on the banks of the upper Missouri
River from the 14th century. Their permanent houses were Earth
Lodges but they used tepees when hunting buffalo.
- Fact 8 - The Assiniboin have many similarities
in culture and language to the Lakota Sioux who they broke away
from in the 16th century.
- Fact 9 - The Kutenai, aka Kootenay, originated
on the Kootenay River in British Columbia
- Fact 10 - The Bannock, or Banate tribe,
originated in Western Idaho and spoke the Northern Paiute
language. The Bannock tribe developed a horse culture and were
closely associated with the Northern Shoshone with whom they
eventually merged. In 1868 the Bannock tribe was restricted to
the Fort Hall Reservation in Idaho. They experienced a terrible
famine which together with broken treaties led to the Bannock
War of 1878.
- Fact 11 - The Cheyenne tribe are
one of the famous tribes of the Great Plains. The cholera
epidemic reached the Plains Indians in 1849 resulting in huge
loss of life
- Fact 12 - The Chippewa people were members of an
Algonquian people who lived west of Lake Superior. The people's
name, is given as Ojibwe in Canada but as Chippewa in the United
States. The Chippewa waged extremely violent war on their
enemies - they were so feared that the French considered the
complete annihilation of this tribe.
- Fact 13 - The Cree Indians are one of the largest
tribes in North America. Those from prairie regions are known as
the Plains Cree and those who live in forested land are known as
the Woodland Cree. The shelters used by Plains Cree are Tepees
and the Woodland Cree lived in Wigwams
- Fact 14 - The Crow, aka the
Absaroka or Apsaalooke, are a tribe of Indians who
historically lived in the Yellowstone river valley. They split
from the Hidatsa tribe in present-day North Dakota either around
1400-1500 CE Their name means means "children of the
large-beaked bird" and they were semi-nomad hunters and farmers
in the northeastern woodland. Tribal warfare, especially with
the Sioux, forced them to move to the Great Plains where they
hunted buffalo. Enemies of
the Crow tribe included the Sioux, Shoshone and Blackfoot
Indians.
- Fact 15 - The Sioux were the largest Indian tribe and
also referred to as the Lakota or Dakota Sioux.
- Fact 16 - The Hidatsa are also
known as the Minitari, Atsina and the Gros Ventre who lived in
farming villages of Earth Lodges which were protected by an
earthen wall. They cultivated corn and hunted buffalo. Their
enemies were the Blackfoot.
- Fact 17 - The Kalispel were given the name Pend
d'Oreille by the French because of their custom of wearing shell
earrings.
- Fact 18 - The Kiowa were a tribe of
Plains Indians. They were fierce, nomadic warriors. The Kiowa
worshipped a stone image, the Taimay.
- Fact 19 - The Mandan were a
semi-nomadic tribe who lived on the banks of the Missouri River.
Their enemies were the the Assiniboin and the Sioux
- Fact 20 - The Nez Perce originally
inhabited the lower Snake River and its tributaries in western
Idaho. The name Nez Perce, meaning pierced nose, was given by
the French because some tribe members wore nose pendants.
- Fact 21 - The
Piegan Indians were the southernmost tribe of the Blackfoot
confederacy.
- Fact 22 - The Salish were also
referred to as Flathead Indians. The name is often said to
derive from the flat head produced by binding infants' skulls
with boards. The coastal Salish engaged in fishing and hunted
various marine animals, whereas the Salish who lived in inland
regions fished in rivers and streams and hunted game.
- Fact 23 - The Tunahe is the name of
an extinct Salishan tribe who lived in west central Montana
- Fact 24 - The Spokan are a Salishan
tribe who lived in west central Montana. Their name means
"children of the sun" or "Sun People".
- Fact
25 - 1876 - The Plains
Indian wars, the tribes were forced to go to Indian
Reservations. 1876 - Nez Pierce Indian Chief Joseph lead his
people out of Oregon into Montana, but was forced to surrender
in 1877 near Bear's Paw Mountains in northern Montana
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